ABSTRACT

Testicular cancer is the most frequent cancer of the young population between 15-35 years range. Ultrasound (US) is used primarily for imaging and sometimes magnetic resonance imaging is added. Although the pre-pubertal testicular tumors are mostly benign, the postpubertal ones are predominantly malignant and are frequently germ cell tumors. US is very valuable in the differential diagnosis of testicular masses that are not well defined by palpation and the clues from anamnesis and laboratory data do not help or overlap. If the Doppler features are used with the appropriate settings, urgent diagnosis of testicular torsion, differentiation between inflammation and neoplasm, and sometimes description of other rare pathologies is possible. Furthermore, the US findings can be leading for the decision on follow-up, orchiectomy or enucleation. For accurate and fast enucleation of small testicular masses, intraoperative US use has become a contemporary method in most dedicated urological centers.